Accidents at businesses and vehicles can be accompanied by emissions of hazardous chemicals (NHR) into the atmosphere and the surrounding area. This poses a serious danger to the population. Inform about the main dangerous substances and actions in case of poisoning.
1. Ammonia – a colorless gas with a sharp suffocating odor of ammonia. Ammonia vapors rise into the atmosphere and dissipate because it is lighter than air. At high humidity it can spread on the surface of the earth.
In case of accidents with ammonia emissions it is necessary:
- to hide in a deep room;
- wear a gas mask or respirator with a filter to protect against ammonia;
- wear a bandage soaked in a weak solution of citric or acetic acid;
- do not use open flames, as explosive mixtures may be formed when ammonia is mixed with air.
In case of poisoning or inhalation:
- rinse the mouth and nose with a solution of citric or acetic acid;
- breathe over a warm water bath;
- drink warm milk;
- in case of burns, rinse the affected area with running water and, if possible, apply lotions soaked in a solution of citric or acetic acid.
2. Chlorine is a yellowish-green poisonous gas. In case of leakage, it accumulates in the lowlands, as it is heavier than air. When spilled – smokes.
In accidents with chlorine emissions it is necessary:
Wear a gas mask or respirator with a chlorine filter or protect your respiratory system with a bandage soaked in baking soda or water.
try to avoid lowlands, valleys, it is recommended to climb hills, floors (above the third).
In case of poisoning or ingestion of chlorine-containing substances:
- it is necessary to wash out a stomach or to cause vomiting after plentiful drinking;
- take a few tablets of activated charcoal;
- in case of eye damage – rinse them with plenty of water;
- rinse the mouth and nose with soda solution;
- in case of cough – make inhalations with the addition of baking soda.
3. Sulfuric acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor of sulfur. Very caustic. Hydrochloric acid is also colorless, has a pungent odor and smokes when interacting with air.
In accidents with the outflow of sulfuric (hydrochloric) acids:
protect the respiratory system: wear a gas mask or respirator with a filter to protect against acids, or a bandage soaked in a solution of baking soda or water;
try to avoid lowlands, valleys, it is recommended to climb hills, floors (above the third).
In case of interaction with acid:
in case of contact with skin – causes burns;
when inhaled – burns of mucous membranes;
use a bandage soaked in baking soda solution;
in case of ingestion – it is recommended to cause vomiting;
rinse mouth and nose with baking soda solution.