{"id":214277,"date":"2026-04-01T11:41:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T08:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golossokal.com.ua\/?p=214277"},"modified":"2026-04-01T09:48:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T06:48:48","slug":"dnk-roboty-navchylys-poliuvaty-na-virusy-u-tili-liudyny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golossokal.com.ua\/en\/nauka-tehnika\/dnk-roboty-navchylys-poliuvaty-na-virusy-u-tili-liudyny.html","title":{"rendered":"DNA robots have learned to hunt viruses in the human body"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Imagine tiny robots, smaller than a virus, floating in your blood and independently finding cancer cells. This is no longer science fiction \u2014 these are exactly the kinds of machines scientists are constructing from DNA molecules. In a new review, as <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/smb2.70029\">reported in the study<\/a>, researchers from the Harbin Institute of Technology systematized achievements in the field of DNA robotics and outlined the path from laboratory experiments to real medicine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">The scientific work shows that humanity has, for the first time, come this close to programming the very molecule of heredity as a therapeutic tool. This redefines not only medicine, but also our understanding of what can be considered a \u201crobot\u201d at all.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>What is known in brief<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">DNA robots are microscopic machines assembled from DNA molecules using <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97\">DNA origami<\/a> methods, capable of moving, capturing targets, and executing commands.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">They can deliver drugs precisely to cancer cells, destroy viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and also assemble nanostructures with atomic precision.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">The movement of such robots is controlled by chemical reactions as well as external signals \u2014 light, a magnetic field, or electric current.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Most DNA robots are still at the \u201cproof of concept\u201d stage: they operate in an isolated environment rather than in a real organism.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">To scale up the technology, scientists plan to involve artificial intelligence and create standardized \u201clibraries\u201d of DNA parts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">What this phenomenon is<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0\">DNA<\/a> is not only a storage medium for genetic information. At its core, it is a molecule with a clear geometry that can \u201cstick\u201d to certain partners according to the laws of chemistry. It is this property that allows scientists to construct complex three-dimensional structures from DNA \u2014 much like origami transforms a sheet of paper into a crane.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">If a DNA strand is given the required sequence, it will fold itself into the desired shape: a tube, a capsule, or a hinge. Such structures can be \u201cprogrammed\u201d to open in response to a chemical signal, or equipped with \u201cfuel\u201d \u2014 additional DNA strands that make the structure move. This is how molecular-level <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0\">nanorobotics<\/a> is born.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Details of the discovery<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">A team led by scientists from the <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hit.edu.cn\/index.htm\">Harbin Institute of Technology<\/a> conducted a large-scale review of all known approaches to building DNA machines. The researchers classified them by analogy with conventional robotics: rigid structures, flexible mechanisms, and origami-inspired structures.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">The scientists also described control systems separately. The first approach is <strong>chemical<\/strong>: a DNA robot receives \u201cfuel\u201d in the form of new molecules that displace the old strand and force the structure to change shape \u2014 this is called <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toehold-mediated_strand_displacement\">DNA strand displacement<\/a>. The second approach is <strong>physical<\/strong>: external signals such as a magnetic field or a laser flash can remotely \u201cswitch on\u201d and \u201cswitch off\u201d the movement of a molecular machine. Both methods allow researchers to achieve subnanometer positioning accuracy \u2014 hundreds of times more precise than the most advanced industrial printer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">The size of such robots is several dozen nanometers, which is smaller than most viruses. For comparison, if a nanobot were the size of a human, an ordinary blood cell would appear to it as a building the height of a five-story house.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">What the new observations showed<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">The researchers confirmed that <strong>DNA robots have already demonstrated the ability to capture SARS-CoV-2 virus particles<\/strong> under laboratory conditions. Some structures successfully delivered drug molecules directly to target cells without affecting healthy tissues. Others served as programmable templates for assembling nanomaterials with precision at the level of individual atoms \u2014 this is critically important for molecular computing devices.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Despite these successes, the scientists candidly identify limitations. <strong>Brownian motion<\/strong> \u2014 the chaotic vibration of molecules in a liquid \u2014 significantly complicates precise control of nanorobots in a living organism. Most machines are still too simple and cannot operate in the complex environment of the bloodstream. There is also a lack of detailed databases on the mechanical properties of DNA structures and reliable computer tools for modeling them.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><em>\u201cThe robots of the future will be made not only of metal and plastic,\u201d the research team states. \u201cThey will be biological, programmable, and intelligent \u2014 tools that will finally allow us to master the molecular world.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Why this matters for science<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">This work is important not only as a technical review, but as a signal of the maturity of an entire field. What seemed like science fiction just 20 years ago now has a clear development roadmap. Scientists propose concrete steps: creating standardized \u201clibraries\u201d of DNA components, using artificial intelligence to design new machines, and advancing biomanufacturing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">If the scaling problems can be overcome, the consequences for medicine will be revolutionary. The need for chemotherapy with its devastating side effects will disappear \u2014 instead, DNA nanosurgeons will independently find and destroy tumors. <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/cikavosti.com\/novii-metod-adresnoi-dostavki-likiv-dopomoje-likyvati-zahvoruvannia-mozky\/\">New targeted drug delivery<\/a> could make it possible to treat brain diseases previously considered incurable \u2014 barriers between the brain and blood will no longer stand in the way. Even now, researchers studying the rise in cancer incidence place great hopes on molecular medicine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\">Beyond healthcare, DNA robots open up new possibilities for <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DNA_computing\">molecular computing<\/a> and the creation of optical devices that will surpass everything currently in existence. This means that the molecule that stores information about life will become the foundation for a new generation of computers.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">Interesting facts<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"[li_&amp;]:mb-0 [li_&amp;]:mt-1 [li_&amp;]:gap-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc flex flex-col gap-1 pl-8 mb-3\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\"><a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature04586\">DNA origami<\/a> \u2014 the technique of folding DNA molecules into arbitrary shapes \u2014 was first described in the journal Nature in 2006 by Paul Rothemund and gave rise to modern DNA nanorobotics.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">Researchers at <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/wyss.harvard.edu\/technology\/dna-nanotechnology\/\">Harvard University<\/a> demonstrated as early as 2012 a DNA capsule that delivered drug molecules to cancer cells and opened only upon contact with them.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">One gram of DNA can theoretically <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aam9868\">store up to 215 petabytes of information<\/a> \u2014 millions of times more than modern hard drives of the same mass.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words pl-2\">The scale at which DNA robots operate is so small that <a class=\"underline underline underline-offset-2 decoration-1 decoration-current\/40 hover:decoration-current focus:decoration-current\" href=\"https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85\">Brownian motion<\/a> \u2014 the random thermal trembling of molecules \u2014 is the equivalent of a constant hurricane for them, fundamentally distinguishing nanorobotics from traditional mechanical engineering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"text-text-100 mt-3 -mb-1 text-[1.125rem] font-bold\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>Are DNA robots dangerous for the human body?<\/strong> At present, most DNA robots are being tested only under laboratory conditions. Since they consist of natural biological molecules, the risk of an immune reaction is expected to be significantly lower than from synthetic materials. However, clinical studies in humans have not yet been conducted.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>When will DNA robots appear in medicine?<\/strong> According to scientists\u2019 estimates, practical application in medicine is still 10 to 20 years of active research away. The first clinical trials may begin earlier \u2014 for the treatment of cancer or viral infections under controlled conditions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>How is a DNA robot different from a conventional drug?<\/strong> Traditional drugs spread throughout the body and affect both diseased and healthy cells. A DNA robot can be programmed to activate only upon contact with a specific disease marker, delivering medication precisely and without affecting healthy tissues.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"border-border-200 border-t-0.5 my-3 mx-1.5\" \/>\n<p class=\"font-claude-response-body break-words whitespace-normal leading-[1.7]\"><strong>WOW fact:<\/strong> A DNA nanobot described in Harvard research recognized a cancer cell among millions of healthy ones and opened its cargo capsule at exactly the right location \u2014 this entire operation took place autonomously, without any external signal, in a test tube with living cells. This is the first example in science of a programmed molecule independently \u201cmaking a decision\u201d about treatment.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine tiny robots, smaller than a virus, floating in your blood and independently finding cancer cells. This is no longer science fiction \u2014 these are exactly the kinds of machines scientists are constructing from DNA molecules. In a new review, as reported in the study, researchers from the Harbin Institute of Technology systematized achievements in &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":214278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-214277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nauka-tehnika"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DNA robots have learned to hunt viruses in the human body - Sokal Voice - news about Sokal, Sheptytskyi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0414\u041d\u041a, \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456 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